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All support the conclusion that partner choice leads to fairness only when individuals have equal outside options. We conduct a behavioural experiment, run agent-based simulations and analyse a game-theoretic model to understand how outside options affect partner choice and fairness. Here, we show that this puzzle can be solved if we consider the outside options on which partner choice operates. Hence, it is difficult to see how partner choice could result in the evolution of fair, equal divisions. In experiments involving divisions of money, people become either over-generous or over-selfish when they are in competition to be chosen as cooperative partners. Many studies demonstrate that partner choice has played an important role in the evolution of human cooperation, but little work has tested its impact on the evolution of human fairness. Lastly, we discuss the relationship between this account of morality and other evolutionary accounts of morality and cooperation. Next, we apply the approach to some of the main areas of social life and show that it allows to explain, with a single logic, the entire set of what are generally considered to be different moral domains. We then proceed to describe the generic consequences of this approach: (i) everyone in a social interaction deserves to receive a net benefit, (ii) people ought to act in ways that would maximize social welfare if everyone was acting in the same way, (iii) all domains of social behavior can be moralized, (iv) moral duties can seem both principled and non-contractual, and (v) morality shall depend on the context. We infer from this result the theoretical proposition that morality is a domain-general calculator of this bargaining solution. In a simple 2-player model, we show that this trade-off leads individuals to maximize the generalized Nash product at evolutionary equilibrium, i.e., to behave according to the generalized Nash bargaining solution.
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Hence they face a trade-off between maximizing the immediate gains of each social interaction, and maximizing its long-term reputational effects. Our approach is based on the premise that human beings are under selection to appear as good cooperative investments. Our goal in this paper is to use an evolutionary approach to explain the existence and design-features of human moral cognition. We end by discussing the specific pattern of variable andĬonsistent features in the context of evolutionary theories of the evolution of morality. To individuals should be taken into account, and some types of individual harm can Of our questions, we also find two cross-culturally consistent judgments: (1) when individualsĪre in equivalent situations, overall welfare should be maximized, and (2) harm In addition to finding some amount of cross-cultural variation on most
#THE NEEDS OF THE MANY OUTWEIGH THE NEEDS OF THE FEW ORIGIN SERIES#
In the current study, we ask participants across nine diverse cultures (Bali, Costa Rica, France, Guatemala, Japan, Madagascar, Mongolia, Serbia, and the USA) to make a series of moral judgments regarding both third-party sacrifice for group welfare and first-person sacrifice for group welfare. Relatively less research has investigated the generalizability of results across non-WEIRD populations. It does not store any personal data.A long tradition of research in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) countries has investigated how people weigh individual welfare versus group welfare in their moral judgments. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
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![Presentable liberty markiplier](https://loka.nahovitsyn.com/19.jpg)